As a pediatrician, one of the most common concerns I hear from parents is, “What’s this rash on my child?” Skin rashes are incredibly common in children and often nothing to worry about. Kids have sensitive skin, and their immune systems are still developing, which makes them more prone to skin reactions. While most rashes are mild and temporary, some can be a sign of something more serious.
Here’s a breakdown of the most common childhood rashes, what causes them, and when it’s time to check in with your healthcare provider.
1. Diaper Rash
- What it looks like: Red, irritated skin in the diaper area, sometimes with small bumps or peeling.
- What causes it: Prolonged contact with wet or soiled diapers, friction, or a reaction to wipes or detergents.
- What to do: Keep the area clean and dry, change diapers frequently, and apply a barrier cream like zinc oxide. If it doesn’t improve in a few days, or you see open sores or signs of infection, see your pediatrician.
2. Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
- What it looks like: Dry, itchy patches of skin, often on the face, elbows, knees, or behind the ears. In infants, it can appear as red, scaly patches.
- What causes it: Eczema is linked to genetics and often coexists with allergies or asthma. Triggers include soaps, detergents, weather changes, or stress.
- What to do: Use fragrance-free moisturizers several times a day, avoid triggers, and use steroid creams only as prescribed. Severe or persistent cases should be evaluated.
3. Heat Rash (Prickly Heat)
- What it looks like: Tiny red or clear bumps, often on the neck, back, or chest.
- What causes it: Sweating trapped under the skin, especially in hot or humid weather.
- What to do: Keep your child cool and dry, dress them in breathable clothing, and avoid heavy lotions that can block pores.
4. Hives (Urticaria)
- What it looks like: Raised, red welts that may appear and disappear in different areas. They’re often itchy.
- What causes it: Allergic reactions to food, medications, insect bites, or even viral infections.
- What to do: Most hives go away on their own, but antihistamines can help relieve itching. Seek medical attention if hives are accompanied by swelling of the face, lips, or difficulty breathing, which could indicate a serious allergic reaction.
5. Hand, Foot, and Mouth
- What it looks like: Red spots or blisters on the hands, feet, and inside the mouth. Sometimes appears on the buttocks.
- What causes it: A common viral illness that usually affects younger children.
- What to do: Focus on hydration and fever control. The rash will usually clear up on its own in about a week. Keep your child home from daycare or school until the fever is gone and the mouth sores improve.
6. Impetigo
- What it looks like: Red sores or blisters that burst and develop a honey-colored crust, usually around the nose and mouth.
- What causes it: A bacterial skin infection, often spread through close contact or scratching.
- What to do: This requires a prescription antibiotic ointment or oral medication. Keep the area clean and avoid touching or scratching to prevent spreading.
When to Call Your Pediatrician or Go to Urgent Care
You should talk to a healthcare professional if the rash:
- Is widespread or spreading rapidly
- Comes with a high fever
- Looks infected (pus, swelling, warmth, or red streaks)
- Doesn’t improve with basic care
- Is causing your child significant discomfort
- Appears suddenly after a new medication or food
We’re Here to Help
At Marque, our pediatric and medical providers see and treat skin rashes in children every day. Whether it’s a common rash or something more complex, we’re here to provide the reassurance and guidance you need. Walk in or make a reservation online, and we’ll help your child feel better fast.