Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness that mostly affects young children, though older children and even adults can sometimes catch it. While it usually runs its course without serious complications, it can cause discomfort and easily spread through households, schools, and daycare centers.
What It Is
HFMD is caused by a group of viruses called enteroviruses. The illness spreads through close contact, respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, or by touching contaminated surfaces. It is most common in the warmer months but can occur any time of year.
Signs and Symptoms
Children with HFMD may first develop a fever, sore throat, or general tiredness. Within a day or two, painful sores can appear in the mouth. A skin rash then develops on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and sometimes on the buttocks or legs. The rash may look like red spots or small blisters.
Other symptoms may include:
- Irritability or fussiness in younger children
- Decreased appetite due to mouth pain
- Drooling if swallowing is uncomfortable
Prevention
Good hygiene is the best defense against HFMD. Frequent handwashing with soap and water, especially after diaper changes or using the bathroom, helps stop the spread. Avoid sharing cups, utensils, and towels, and teach children to cover coughs and sneezes.
What to Watch For
Most children recover within 7 to 10 days. However, you should contact your healthcare provider right away if your child:
- Cannot drink enough fluids and shows signs of dehydration such as fewer wet diapers or dry lips
- Has a high or persistent fever
- Appears very irritable, weak, or unusually drowsy
- Has symptoms that worsen instead of improve after a few days
What to Do if You Spot It
There is no specific treatment for HFMD, but you can help your child feel better by:
- Offering plenty of cool fluids to prevent dehydration
- Serving soft foods and avoiding spicy or acidic foods that can irritate mouth sores
- Using over-the-counter pain relievers if recommended by your pediatrician
Reducing Spread at Home and On-the-Go
Because HFMD spreads easily, extra cleaning steps are important:
- Disinfect toys, doorknobs, and frequently touched surfaces in the home
- Wash bedding, clothing, and towels often in hot water
- Wipe down car seats, seat belts, and high-touch areas in the car if your child has been sick while riding
- Use disinfectant wipes for strollers, diaper bags, and any items that travel between home, school, or daycare
Final Note
HFMD is usually mild, but it can be very uncomfortable and spread quickly if not managed carefully. With good hygiene, symptom relief, and careful monitoring, most children recover fully without complications. If you are concerned about your child’s symptoms or ability to stay hydrated, do not wait to contact your pediatrician. And remember, you can always come in to see Marque’s dedicated team of medical professionals for evaluation and care.
Author: Erin Wood, PA-C
