World Hepatitis Day is observed on July 28th, a global reminder of the importance of understanding, preventing, and treating hepatitis, a serious condition that affects millions of people worldwide.
Dr. Kiskila, what is hepatitis?
Answer: Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver, which can interfere with how the liver functions. The liver plays a critical role in the body by filtering toxins from the blood, aiding digestion, storing energy, and helping to fight infections. When the liver becomes inflamed or damaged, its ability to perform these essential tasks is reduced, potentially leading to serious health complications.
Hepatitis can be caused by several factors, including viral infections, heavy alcohol use, certain medications, autoimmune diseases, and other underlying medical conditions. However, the most common and well-known causes are viral infections, which are classified into five main types: hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E.
Dr. Kiskila, what are the symptoms of hepatitis?
Answer: Symptoms can vary depending on the type of hepatitis and whether the infection is acute or chronic. Some people may have no symptoms at all, especially in the early stages, which is why hepatitis is often called a “silent” illness. When symptoms do appear, they can include:
- Fatigue
- Nausea or vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Abdominal pain or discomfort, especially in the upper right side
- Dark urine
- Pale or clay-colored stools
- Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
- Joint pain
- Fever
If you experience any of these symptoms—especially after possible exposure to the virus—it’s important to get tested as soon as possible.
Dr. Kiskila, how is hepatitis diagnosed?
Answer: Hepatitis is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical exam, and blood tests. These tests can detect the presence of liver enzymes, antibodies, or the virus itself. In some cases, imaging tests or a liver biopsy may be used to assess the extent of liver damage.
If hepatitis is suspected, early testing is key to preventing complications and starting appropriate treatment.
Dr. Kiskila, when should I seek medical attention for hepatitis symptoms?
Answer: You should seek medical care if you have any symptoms listed above, especially if you suspect you’ve been exposed to someone with hepatitis, traveled to areas with poor sanitation, or engaged in activities that increase your risk (such as sharing needles or unprotected sex).
You should not wait to get help if you experience:
- Severe fatigue or confusion
- Persistent vomiting
- Signs of dehydration (dry mouth, little to no urination, dizziness)
- Yellowing of the eyes or skin
- Abdominal swelling or tenderness
- Dark-colored urine for several days
- A history of liver disease with new or worsening symptoms
Prompt evaluation can prevent complications and ensure you get the support or treatment you need.
Dr. Kiskila, how can hepatitis be prevented?
Answer: Prevention depends on the type of hepatitis. Here are a few general tips:
- Get vaccinated for hepatitis A and B if you haven’t already.
- Practice good hygiene—wash your hands thoroughly before eating or preparing food, and after using the restroom.
- Avoid sharing needles, razors, or toothbrushes.
- Use protection during sex, especially with new or multiple partners.
- Ensure proper sanitation when traveling, especially in areas with limited access to clean water.
- Only get tattoos or piercings from licensed, reputable providers.
Dr. Kiskila, what treatment options are available?
Answer: Treatment depends on the type and severity of hepatitis:
- Hepatitis A and E usually resolve on their own with rest, hydration, and supportive care.
- Hepatitis B may require antiviral medications if it becomes chronic.
- Hepatitis C is now curable in most cases with direct-acting antiviral medications.
- Hepatitis D treatment is more complex and often involves managing hepatitis B as well.
In all cases, early diagnosis and routine monitoring are important to protect your liver health.
If you’re concerned about hepatitis or think you may have been exposed, our medical team at Marque is here to help. We offer on-site testing, evaluation, and guidance so you can get answers and peace of mind quickly.