As we observe National Congenital Heart Defect (CHD) Awareness Week from February 7th to 14th, it’s crucial to shed light on this common yet often misunderstood condition. CHDs are structural abnormalities present at birth that affect the heart’s function. In this article, we’ll delve into the types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, causes, and living with CHD.
Types of Congenital Heart Defects
CHDs encompass a wide range of abnormalities, including:
1. Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) and Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): Holes in the walls separating the heart chambers.
2. Tetralogy of Fallot: Combination of heart defects causing oxygen-poor blood to flow out of the heart and into the body.
3. Transposition of the Great Arteries: The aorta and pulmonary artery are switched, disrupting blood flow.
4. Coarctation of the Aorta: Narrowing of the aorta, restricting blood flow to the body.
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on the severity and type of CHD but may include:
– Cyanosis (bluish skin color)
– Rapid breathing
– Fatigue and poor feeding in infants
– Difficulty breathing during physical activity
– Heart murmurs
– Swelling in the legs, abdomen, or around the eyes
Diagnosis
CHDs are often diagnosed during prenatal ultrasound or shortly after birth. Diagnostic tests may include echocardiograms, electrocardiograms (ECG or EKG), chest X-rays, and cardiac catheterization.
Treatment
Treatment options depend on the type and severity of the CHD and may include:
– Medications to manage symptoms and improve heart function
– Catheter-based procedures to repair defects
– Open-heart surgery to correct complex abnormalities
– Heart transplant in severe cases
Causes
The exact cause of CHDs is often unknown, but factors that may contribute include genetic predisposition, maternal illness or drug use during pregnancy, and environmental factors.
Living with CHD
Living with CHD requires ongoing medical care, lifestyle modifications, and emotional support. Many individuals with CHD lead full and active lives with proper management, including regular check-ups, medication adherence, and healthy lifestyle choices.
As we observe National Congenital Heart Defect Awareness Week, let’s unite to raise awareness, support individuals and families affected by CHDs, and advocate for improved research, treatment, and resources. By increasing understanding and compassion, we can make a difference in the lives of those living with CHD and work towards a healthier future for all.
Author: Mark Wade, MD, Cardiologist
